راهنمای شناسایی پلانکتون در آبهای ایرانی دریای کاسپین

مقدمه 1
بخش اول: فیتوپلانکتون (پلانکتون گیاهی) 1
رده‌بندی‌ فیتوپلانکتون 4
فصل 1: شاخه جلبک‌های سبز-آبی (Cyanobacteria) 5
1-1. Microcystis aeruginosa 7
1-2. Chroococcus turgidus 8
1-4. Aphanothece stagnina 10
1-5. Aphanothece clathrata 11
1-6. Merismopedia elegans 12
1-7. Merismopedia minima 13
1-8. Merismopedia punctate 14
1-9. Aphanizominon sp. 15
1-10. Anabaena spiroides 16
1-11. Anabaena sp. 17
1-12. Anabaenopsis elenkini 18
1-13. sp. Anabaenopsis 19
1-14. Anabaenopsis cuningtonii 20
1-15. Anabaenopsis flos-aquae 21
1-16. Cylindrospermopsis raciborskii 22
1-17. Cylindrospermopsis raciborskii 23
1-18. Nostoc sp. 24
1-19. Arthrospira (spirulina) sp. 25
1-20. Oscillatoria tenuis 26
1-21. Oscillatoria limosa 27
1-22. Oscillatoria sp. 28
1-23. Lyngbia aesttuarii 29
1-24. Lyngbia sp. 30
1-25. Planktolyngbya limnetica 31
1-26. Nodularia harveyana 32
1-27. Nodularia spumigena 33
1-28. Gomphosphaeria aponina 34
1-29. Gomphosphaeria litoralis 35
1-30. johannesbaptistia pellucida 36
فصل 2: شاخه اکروفیتا ((Ochrophyta 37
2-1. رده دیاتوم‌ها (Bacillariophyceae) 37
2-1-1. Coscinodiscus perforates 41
2-1-2. Coscinodiscus granii 42
2-1-3. Coscinodiscus radiatus 43
2-1-4. Coscinodiscus gigas 44
2-1-5. Coscinodiscus jonesianus 45
2-1-6. Thalassiosira caspica 46
2-1-7. Thalassiosira variabilis 47
2-1-8. Thalassiosira sp. 48
2-1-9. Cyclotella meneghiniana 49
2-1-10. Cyclotella caspia 50
2-1-11. Stephanodiscus astraea 51
2-1-12. Stephanodiscus sp. 52
2-1-13. Actinocyclus paradoxus 53
2-1-14. Rhizosolenia calcar–avis 54
2-1-15. Rhizosolenia fragilissima 55
2-1-16. Attheya zachariasii 56
2-1-17. Melosira moniliformis 57
2-1-18. Melosira granulate 58
2-1-19. Melosira varicans 59
2-1-20. Thalassionema nitzschioides 60
2-1-21. Diatoma tenuis 61
2-1-22. Cerataulina pelagica 62
2-1-23. Chaetoceros mulleri 63
2-1-24. Chaetoceros subtilis 64
2-1-25. Chaetoceros wighamii 65
2-1-26. Chaetoceros simplex 66
2-1-27. Chaetoceros peruvianus 67
2-1-28. Chaetoceros affinis 68
2-1-29. Chaetoceros similis 69
2-1-30. Chaetoceros laciniosus 70
2-1-31. Caloneis amphisbaena 71
2-1-32. Amphora ovalis 72
2-1-33. Diploneis interrupta 73
2-1-34. Diploneis sp. 74
2-1-35. Pinnularia nobilis 75
2-1-36. Pinnularia sp. 76
2-1-37. Rhoicosphenia curvata 77
2-1-38. Gyrosigma attenuatum 78
2-1-39. Gyrosigma acuminatum 79
2-1-40. Gyrosigma strigile 80
2-1-41. Gyrosigma sp. 81
2-1-42. Campylodiscus clypeus 82
2-1-43. Navicula cryptocephala 83
2-1-44. Navicula radiosa 84
2-1-45. Neidium affine 85
2-1-46. Bacillaria paradoxa (Vibrio paxillifer) 86
2-1-47. Nitzschia seriata 87
2-1-48. Nitzschia acicularis 88
2-1-49. Nitzschia reversa 89
2-1-50. Nitzschia palea 90
2-1-51. Nitzschia sigma 91
2-1-52. Nitzschia sigmoidea 92
2-1-53. Nitzschia lorenziana 93
2-1-54. Nitzschia sp1. 94
2-1-55. Nitzschia sp2. 95
2-1-56. Fragilaria capucina 96
2-1-57. Synedra acus 97
2-1-58. Synedra ulna 98
2-1-59. Skeletonema costatum 99
2-1-60. Skeletonema subsalsum 100
2-2. رده جلبک‌های قهوه‌ای – طلایی (Chrysophyceae) 101
2-2-1. Dinobryon balticum 102
2-2-2. Mallomonas sp. 103
2-2-3. Uroglena volvox 104
2-2-4. Synura uvella 105
2-3. رده جلبک‌های زرد – سبز (Xantophyceae) 106
2-3-1. Centritractus belonophorus 107
2-3-2. Ophiocytium capitatum 108
2-4. رده رافیدوفیسه (Raphidophyceae) 109
2-4-1. Gonyostomum semen 110
2-4-2. Vacuolaria virescens 111
فصل 3: شاخه جلبک‌های سبز (Chlorophyta) 113
3-1. Ankistrodesmus densus 115
3-2. Ankistrodesmus acicularis 116
3-3. Ankistrodesmus falcatus 117
3-4. Ankistrodesmus convolutes 118
3-5. Ankistrodesmus spiralis 119
3-6. Ankistrodesmus arcuatus 120
3-7. Binuclearia lauterbornii 121
3-8. Closterium parvulum 122
3-9. Coelastrum microporum 123
3-10. Coelastrum sphaericum 124
3-11. Gloeotaenium loitlesbergerianum 125
3-12. Actinastrum hantzchii 126
3-13. Dictyosphaerium pulchellum 127
3-14. Dictyosphaerium tetrachotomum 128
3-15. Crucigenia tetrapedia 129
3-16. Crucigenia lauterbornii 130
3-17. Golenkinia Radiata 131
3-18. Codatella longiseta 132
3-19. Codatella subsalsa 133
3-20. Codatella sp. 134
3-21. Kirchneriella lunaris 135
3-22. Mogeotia sp. 136
3-23. Chlamydomonas sp. 137
3-24. Carteria sp. 138
3-25. Tetraselmis sp. 139
3-26. Nephrocytium shilleri 140
3-27. Oocystis lacustris 141
3-28. Oocystis borgei 142
3-29. solitaria Oocystis 143
3-30. sp. Oocystis 144
3-31. Pediastrum simplex 145
3-32. Pediastrum boryanum 146
3-33. Pediastrum duplex 147
3-34. Pediastrum tetras 148
3-35. Tetracoccus botryoides 149
3-36. Cosmarium granatum 150
3-37. Cosmarium undulatum 151
3-38. Cosmarium botrytis 152
3-39. Cosmarium meneghinii 153
3-40. Sturastrum polymorphum 154
3-42. Sturastrum gracile 155
3-43. Selenastrum gracile 156
3-44. Selenastrum bibraianum 157
3-45. Scenedesmus quadricauda 158
3-46. Scenedesmus acuminatus 159
3-47. Scenedesmus denticulatus 160
3-48. Scenedesmus arcuatus 161
3-49. Treubaria varia 162
فصل 4: شاخه جلبک‌های تاژک‌دار (Euglenoza) 163
4-1. Euglena acus 165
4-2. Euglena viridis 166
4-3. Phacus sp. 167
4-5. Terachelomonas sp. 168
فصل 5: شاخه میزوزوآMyzozoa) ) 169
5-1. Cystodininum sp. 171
5-2. Dissodinium pseudolunula 172
5-3. Prorocentrum cordatum 173
5-4. Prorocentrum scutelum 174
5-5. lima Prorocentrum 175
5-6. sp. Prorocentrum 176
5-7. cornutum Ceratium 177
5-8. furcoides Ceratium 178
5-9. hirundinella Ceratium 179
5-10. Glenodinium lenticula 180
5-11. Diplopsalis (Glenodinium) behiningii 181
5-12. Diplopsalis (Glenodinium) sp. 182
5-13. Gonyaulax spinifera 183
5-14. Gonyaulax digitalis 184
5-15. Gonyaulax polyedra 185
5-16. Gynodinium lacustre 186
5-17. Gymnodinium sp. 186
5-18. Heterocapsa rotundata 187
5-19. Predinium bips 188
5-20. Predinium sp. 189
5-21. Peridinium cinctum 190
5-22. Protoperidinium sp. 191
5-23. Protoperidinium pellicidum 192
فصل 6: شاخهکریپتوفیتا (Cryptophyta) 193
6-1. Cryptomonas ovata 194
بخش دوم: زوپلانکتون (پلانکتون جانوری) 183
رده‌بندی زوپلانکتون 196
فصل 7: سلسله آغازیان (Protozoa) 197
7-1. شاخه سرکوزوآ (Cercozoa) 199
7-1-1. Ebria tripartite 200
7-2. شاخه مژه‌داران (Ciliophora) 201
7-2-1. Tintinnidium tublosa 202
7-2-2. Codonella relicta 203
7-2-3. Tintinnopsis cylindrata 204
7-2-4. Tintinnopsis karajacensis 204
7-2-5. Zoothamnium plagicum 205
7-2-6. Strombidium sp. 206
7-3. شاخه روزنه‌داران (Foraminifera) 207
7-3-1. Ammonia sp. 207
فصل 8: سلسله جانوران (Animal Kingdom) 209
8-1. شاخه کیسه‌تنان (Cnidaria) Coelentrata 209
8-1-1. Moerisia sp. 210
8-1-2. Hydra sp. 210
8-1-3. Cordylophora caspia 211
8-2. شاخه گردان‌تنان (Rotifera) 212
8-2-1. Philodina sp. 215
8-2-2. Synchaeta sp. 216
8-2-3. Synchaeta cecilia 217
8-2-4. Synchaeta vorax 218
8-2-5. Synchaeta littoralis 219
8-2-6. Synchaeta pectinata 220
8-2-7. Synchaeta stylata 221
8-2-8. Polyarthera dolichoptera 222
8-2-9. Polyarthera vulgaris 223
8-2-10. Trichocerca caspica 224
8-2-11. Trichocerca weberi 225
8-2-12. Collotheca oronata 226
8-2-13. Collotheca plagica 227
8-2-14. Hexarthra oxyuris 228
8-2-15. Hexarthra mira 229
8-2-16. Brachionus angularis 230
8-2-17. Brachionus urceolaris 231
8-2-18. Brachionus calyciflorus 232
8-2-19. Brachionus plicatilis 233
8-2-20. Brachionus quadridentatus 234
8-2-21. Brachionus diversicornis 235
8-2-22. Keratella cochlearis 236
8-2-23. Keratella tropica 237
8-2-24. Notholca acuminata 238
8-2-25. Notholca squamula 239
8-2-26. Lecan luna 240
8-2-27. Testudinella patina 241
8-2-28. Filinia longiseta 242
8-2-29. Filinia cornuta 243
8-2-30. Asplanchna brightwelli 244
8-2-31. Asplanchna priodenta 245
8-3. شاخه بندپایان (Arthropoda) 246
8-3-1. زیرشاخه سخت‌پوستان (Crustacea) 246
8-3-1-1. رده آرواره‌پایان (Maxillopoda) 246
8-3-1-1-1. زیر رده پاروپایان (Copepoda) 246
8-3-1-1-1-1. Eurytemora grimmi 250
8-3-1-1-1-2. Acartia tonsa 253
8-3-1-1-1-3. Acartia clause 255
8-3-1-1-1-4. Calanipeda aquae dulics 257
8-3-1-1-1-5. Limnocalanus grimaldii 258
8-3-1-1-1-6. Halicyclops sarsi 259
8-3-1-1-1-7. Ectinosoma concinnum 260
8-3-1-2. رده آبشش‌پایان (Branchiopoda) 261
8-3-1-2-1. زیرراسته آنتن‌منشعبان (Cladocera) 261
8-3-1-2-1-1. Pleopsis (Podon) polyphemuides 263
8-3-1-2-1-2. Polyphemus exigus 264
‌‌8-3-1-2-1-3. Podonevadne angusta 265
8-3-1-2-1-4. Podonevadne camptonyx 266
8-3-1-2-1-5. Evadne hamulus 267
8-3-1-2-1-6. Evadne pussila 268
8-3-1-2-1-7. Podonevadne trigona typica 269
8-3-1-2-1-8. Evadne anonyx typica 270
8-3-1-2-1-9. Cornigerius maeoticus ssp. Hircus 271
8-3-1-2-1-10. Cercopagis robusta 272
8-3-1-2-1-11. Cercopagis micronyx 273
8-3-1-2-1-12. Cercopagis prolongata 274
8-3-1-2-1-13. Cercopagis pengoi 275
8-3-1-2-1-14. Cercopagis longiventrips 276
8-3-1-2-1-15. Chydorus sphaericus 277
8-3-1-2-1-16. Bosmina (Eubosmina) coregoni 278
8-3-1-2-1-17. Stenocuma diastyloides 279
8-3-1-2-1-18. Amphibalanus improvises 280
8-3-1-2-1-19. Ostracoda (Plankton stage) 281
8-4. شاخه کرم‌های حلقوی (Annelida) 282
8-4-1. Chaetogaster sp. 282
8-4-2. Hediste diversicolor 283
8-5. شاخه نرم‌تنان (Mollusca) 284
8-5-1. Bivalvia larvae (Plankton stage) 284
8-6. شاخه شانه‌داران (Ctenophora) 285
8-6-1. Mnemiopsis leidyi 285
8-6-2. Beroe ovata 286
منابع 287